Journal: AAPS PharmSciTech

Article Title: AddaVax Formulated with PolyI:C as a Potential Adjuvant of MDCK-based Influenza Vaccine Enhances Local, Cellular, and Antibody Protective Immune Response in Mice

doi: 10.1208/s12249-021-02145-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence imaging after administration of H3 combined with adjuvant in mice. Cy5.5-H3 alone or with AP, PolyI:C, and AddaVax were injected into BALB/c mice (100 µL/mouse), and fluorescence images were acquired using PE IVIS Lumina XRMS. Real-time monitoring of H3 antigen persistence at the injection sites or migration by in vivo fluorescence imaging

Article Snippet: The mice were anesthetized with 4% isoflurane exposure; then, 670 nm irradiation was implemented to the whole mouse for fluorescence images using PE IVIS Lumina XRMS (PerkinElmer, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Imaging, Adjuvant, Injection, Migration, In Vivo

Journal: The Science of the total environment

Article Title: Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: Insights from in vivo and in vitro studies.

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171681

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Comprehensive analysis of PSNPs: Synthesis, characterization, and biodistribution of PSNPs following oral ingestion in mice. (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the synthesis process of both pristine and PSNPs. (B) Fluorescent imaging of pristine nanoparticles and PSNPs, using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system to detect the IR-813 signal. Comparative fluorescent imaging of both pristine nanoparticles and PSNPs using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system, highlighting the IR-813 signal distribution. (C) High-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images presenting a side-by-side morphological comparison of the surface textures and structural integrities of both the pristine and PSNPs. (D) Size distribution curve of PSNPs as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). (E) Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of pristine (depicted in black) and PSNPs (depicted in red), demonstrating identical chemical structures with no discernible differences.

Article Snippet: The fluorescence intensity of both pristine and PSNPs was measured using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system (FOBI, Cellgentek, Daejeon-si, Korea).

Techniques: Imaging, In Vivo, Fluorescence, Electron Microscopy, Comparison, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Journal: The Science of the total environment

Article Title: Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: Insights from in vivo and in vitro studies.

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171681

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Oral administration of PSNPs impairs learning and memory in mice. (A) Experimental schedule for PSNP exposure and behavioral assessments. Mice received once daily oral administration of either IR-813 (20 mg/kg/day) or PSNPs (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for a total of 7 weeks. Assessment of cognitive function during 2 to 7 weeks of exposure. Performance of open field, rotarod test, and three- chamber test at 3, 5, and 7 weeks of exposure, respectively. Sacrifice of mice at 8 weeks of exposure for in vivo imaging or immunohistochemical analyses. (B) Y-maze results. Measurement of the percentage of alternation, total distance, and number of total arm entries in IR-813 or PSNP-exposed mice. PSNPs exposure led to a decrease in the alternation rate, with no significant differences in total distance and arm entries across all groups. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to IR- 813, one-way ANOVA. (C) Radial arm maze test. Spectrum results of mouse movement (top) and quantification of total error ratio (bottom). A gradual decrease in error rate was observed for food location in the IR-813 treatment group during repeated trial sessions, while the error rate remained consistent in the PSNP-exposed group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to IR-813 in each trial, two-way ANOVA. (D) Barnes maze test. Tracking of mouse movement (top) and quantification of latency to target hole (bottom). A gradual decrease in escape latency was observed during the experimental session. PSNP exposure resulted in a persistence of error rates and increased latency to the target hole compared to IR-813 exposure. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to IR-813 in each day, two-way ANOVA. (E) NORT results. PSNP exposure led to a reduction in the discrimination index. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to IR-813, one-way ANOVA. (F) Light–dark transition test. All groups exhibited similar entry latencies during the training session. PSNP exposure resulted in reduced latency. ***p < 0.001 compared to IR-813 in each day, two-way ANOVA. (G) Step-down avoidance test. A gradual reduction in latency was observed during repeated trial sessions. PSNP exposure led to reduced latency compared to IR-813. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to IR-813 in each day, two-way ANOVA. (H) Open field test. Measurement of locomotor activity by total distance and determination of anxiety behavior by the percentage of time spent in outer or central regions. All groups showed similar results in total distance and the ratio of time spent in outer versus central areas. (I) Rotarod test. Similar latency to fall observed across all groups. (J) Social behaviors using three-chamber tests. Top: Sociability test. Measurement of time spent in either the S1 or O chamber revealed significantly more time spent in S1 across all groups. *p < 0.05 compared to O, one-way ANOVA. Bottom: Social novelty test. Measurement of time spent in the S1 or S2 chamber showed significantly more time spent in S2 across all groups. *p < 0.05 compared to S1, one-way ANOVA. (K) Organ distribution of PSNPs in mice following behavioral analyses. Representative images of IR-813 intensity in tissues from mice exposed to IR-813 or PSNPs using in vivo fluorescence imaging. Detection of IR-813 signals in the brain, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, and heart in PSNP-exposed mice but not in IR- 813–exposed mice. (L) Hippocampal sections from mouse brains exposed to IR-813 or PSNPs. Representative images of hippocampal sections stained with CD86. Magnified images corresponding to the dashed box.

Article Snippet: The fluorescence intensity of both pristine and PSNPs was measured using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system (FOBI, Cellgentek, Daejeon-si, Korea).

Techniques: In Vivo Imaging, Immunohistochemical staining, Activity Assay, In Vivo, Fluorescence, Imaging, Staining